天山两侧山前新生代构造变形特征及其成因刍议          下载免费PDF全文

陈正乐  鲁克改王果陈柏林  李丽蒋荣宝  崔玲玲宫红良 《地学前缘》2009,16(3):149-159

摘要：天山两侧山前新生代构造变形强烈,是研究盆山耦合动力学机制的理想场所。文中在综合分析前人资料基础上,结合作者的野外观测和分析,综述了天山两侧盆山转换部位不同段的新生代构造变形特征,并进行对比分析。结果显示,新生代构造变形在天山南北山前相似性和差异性共存:变形由山体向盆地扩展,时间逐渐变新;但是南侧比北侧变形起始时间早,地壳缩短量和缩短率大。在东西方向上新生代构造变形也存在明显的分段相似性特征,整体上显示出斜方对称的变形图像:东天山博格达山前为基底式逆冲推覆,南侧为走滑变形;中天山南北两侧为多排子的褶皱 逆冲推覆构造,西天山南侧也为基底式的逆冲推覆,北侧为走滑变形。综合前人研究,认为印度和亚洲大陆的碰撞及其随后陆陆汇聚作用的远程效应,是形成天山两侧山前新生代构造变形在南北方向上相似性和差异性的主要原因;而天山山体内部先存的相对刚性地块和大型断裂,则导致了新生代构造变形的东西向分段差异性和斜方对称的特征。  相似文献   

南海西北次海盆新生代构造 沉积特征及伸展模式 探讨          下载免费PDF全文

丁巍伟黎明碧  赵俐红阮爱国 吴振利 《地学前缘》2009,16(4):147-156

通过对穿越西北次海盆的3条地震测线以及一条深反射地震剖面的解释,对其新生代的构造 沉积特征进行研究,探讨了伸展模型,并进而对其新生代的构造演化过程和动力学机制进行了分析。结果显示：西北次海盆在30 Ma时开始发育,断层的活动期集中在渐新世,并大致以海盆中部的岩浆岩凸起为轴对称分布,对渐新统的沉积起控制作用。海盆扩张东强西弱,西部显示出更多的陆缘裂谷盆地的特征。25 Ma后扩张轴向南跃迁,西北次海盆的海底扩张运动停止,进入裂后沉降阶段。构造展布方向受到其南侧的中-西沙地块的影响,大致沿其北部边界展布。深反射地震剖面所反映的深部地壳结构也显示出大致沿海盆中轴对称的特征,显示研究区很可能为纯剪的变形模式。  相似文献   

分散元素(Ge,Cd, Tl)稳定同位素研究          下载免费PDF全文

樊海峰温汉捷  胡瑞忠张羽旭 《地学前缘》2009,16(4):344-353

近年来,非传统稳定同位素地球化学得到了飞跃性的发展,其主要研究对象为海洋体系的演化。特别是氧化还原敏感元素(Se,Mo,Fe等)稳定同位素已经在古海洋环境的示踪研究中发挥重要的作用。相比分散元素(Ge,Cd,Tl)稳定同位素研究比较薄弱,但这些元素在海洋体系中有特殊的循环模式,这使得它们的同位素研究将可能存在很大地质潜力。海洋体系中它们的源汇简单,而且有机无机吸附过程都可能导致同位素分馏。Ge,Cd,Tl均属于挥发性元素,原始星云的形成过程可能存在较大的同位素分馏。我国南方大面积的低温成矿域,将为Ge,Cd,Tl稳定同位素的发展提供天然的平台。另外,Cd,Tl是环境污染的主要潜在元素,因此采用稳定同位素示踪还可能示踪表生环境中的污染来源。  相似文献   

泥石流阵流序列的整体性          下载免费PDF全文

李泳刘晶晶  苏凤环苏鹏程 《地学前缘》2009,16(4):381-388

泥石流往往以阵流群的形式出现,不同阵流参数具有统一的统计分布,意味着阵流序列隐含着深层的系统信息。文中根据蒋家沟泥石流观测数据,揭示阵流序列的自相关性和时空变化特征,进而确立其整体性。Hurst指数是刻画序列相关性的指标。阵流的流量、速度和时间间歇序列的Hurst指数值均大于05,从而证明序列具有长程相关性;另一方面,将阵流作为其运动参数(如流速、流量、间歇时间)组所确定的点,则一个泥石流事件为参数空间的一个点集,且集中在一个狭小区域,直观表现了阵流在时空的聚集特征,这是序列整体性的又一特征。阵流序列的这些基本特征,意味着不同泥石流事件背后隐藏着同一个动力学机制,即泥石流作为流域行为(而不是流体运动)的系统动力学。  相似文献   

电磁测深在鲁西地区绿岩带型金矿勘探中的应用   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

霍光辉  王海芹  王虹  王玉和 《地质力学学报》2009,15(1):50-55

在山东省泰安市周家庄地区金矿勘探中进行电磁测量方法试验, 获得了高分辨率的电性剖面和较可靠的地质解释资料, 经钻探验证发现了隐伏金矿体。测量结果表明, 在岩层深部高电阻率背景下的低值电阻率异常带是寻找金矿化带的有利部位, 低阻异常带的空间展布范围揭示了金矿化带的延伸趋势。   相似文献   

Potential ecological risk of cadmium, lead and arsenic in agricultural black soil in Jilin Province, China   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

Hui-cong Cao  Zhao-qing Luan  Jin-da Wang  Xue-lin Zhang 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2009,23(1):57-64

Potential ecological risk of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and arsenic (As) in agricultural black soil in Jilin Province, China was analyzed by the methods of risk assessment based on dose–effect relationships and ecological risk index. Heavy Cd-contamination occurred mainly around the coal mine region. The accumulation area for Pb appeared mostly in the suburbs and roadsides, whereas the higher As content was mainly found in the farmland of suburb and coal mine vicinity. In acute toxicity test, Cd, Pb and As in the soil had adverse effects on both roots and shoots growth in soybean with the greatest toxicity of arsenic and the least toxicity of lead at the same concentration levels. Exposed to Cd, Pb and As, the EC₅₀ (50% effective concentration) values for the growth of soybean root (shoot) were 212.59 (376.70), 528.53 (828.69) and 194.60 (299.03) mg/kg, respectively. Results of potential ecological risk index showed that soil contamination from Cd in some samples had very high potential ecological risk; Pb contamination for almost all sampling sites had moderate ecological risk; while soil contamination from As had low ecological risk. With the present accumulation rate, concentrations of Cd, Pb and As in agricultural black soil near coal mine would reach the threshold values in 68, 175 and 120 years, respectively.  相似文献   

Seismic response of single-column bent on pile: evidence of beneficial role of pile and soil inelasticity   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

Nikos Gerolymos  V. Drosos  G. Gazetas 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2009,7(2):547-573

While seismic codes do not allow plastic deformation of piles, the Kobe earthquake has shown that limited structural yielding and cracking of piles may not be always detrimental. As a first attempt to investigate the consequences of pile yielding in the response of a pile-column supported bridge structure, this paper explores the soil–pile-bridge pier interaction to seismic loading, with emphasis on structural nonlinearity. The pile–soil interaction is modeled through distributed nonlinear Winkler-type springs and dashpots. Numerical analysis is performed with a constitutive model (Gerolymos and Gazetas 2005a, Soils Found 45(3):147–159, Gerolymos and Gazetas 2005b, Soils Found 45(4):119–132, Gerolymos and Gazetas 2006a, Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 26(5):363–376) materialized in the OpenSees finite element code (Mazzoni et al. 2005, OpenSees command language manual, p 375) which can simulate: the nonlinear behaviour of both pile and soil; the possible separation and gapping between pile and soil; radiation damping; loss of stiffness and strength in pile and soil. The model is applied to the analysis of pile-column supported bridge structures, focusing on the influence of soil compliance, intensity of seismic excitation, pile diameter, above-ground height of the pile, and above or below ground development of plastic hinge, on key performance measures of the pier as is: the displacement (global) and curvature (local) ductility demands and the maximum drift ratio. It is shown that kinematic expressions for performance measure parameters may lead to erroneous results when soil-structure interaction is considered.  相似文献   

Short-term and imminent geomagnetic anomalies of the Wenchuan M_S8.0 earthquake and exploration on earthquake forecast          下载免费PDF全文

Wuxing Wang  Jianhai Ding  Surong Yu  Yongxian Zhang 《地震科学（英文版）》2009,22(2):135-141

The diurnal variation of the geomagnetic vertical component is exhibited mainly by changes of phase and amplitude before strong earthquakes. Based on data recorded by the network of geomagnetic observatories in China for many years, the anomalous features of the appearance time of the minima of diurnal variations (i.e, low-point time) of the geomagnetic vertical components and the variation of their spatial distribution (i.e, phenomena of low-point displacement) have been studied before the Wenchuan M_S8.0 earthquake. The strong aftershocks after two months' quiescence of M6 aftershocks of the M_S8.0 event were forecasted based on these studies. There are good correlativities between these geomagnetic anomalies and occurrences of earthquakes. It has been found that most earthquakes occur near the boundary line of sudden changes of the low-point time and generally within four days before or after the 27th or 41st day counting from the day of the appearance of the anomaly. In addition, the imminent anomalies in diurnal-variation amplitudes near the epicentral areas have also been studied before the Wenchuan earthquake.  相似文献   

Stream Temperature Trends in Turkey     

Mine Albek  Erdem Albek 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2009,37(2):142-149

Stream temperature is an important property of water and affects most other water quality constituents. It is also a property which is very much influenced by exogenous factors like air temperature and stream flow. This study investigates long‐term trends in stream temperatures measured at various stream monitoring stations in Turkey to better understand links with climate change. It was found by statistical trend analysis that more streams have experienced decreasing trends than increasing ones. Moreover, stream temperatures show a rising tendency in most stations over Turkey. Flow‐adjusted temperatures were computed to eliminate flow dependency and these show more positive than negative trends. Management plans of streams and watersheds need to take this into account and incorporate the implications into plans.  相似文献   

人工侧向冻结条件下土的冻结试验   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4  

于琳琳  徐学燕 《岩土力学》2009,30(1):231-235

在人工侧向冻结、正弦和恒温2种冻结温度、开放和封闭条件下,对含水率为32 %的重塑粉质黏土进行了4组冻结试验。结果表明,补水条件相同时侧向正弦冻结试样的冻结速度比封闭正弦冻结试验的缓慢,当其冻结状态进入稳态之后,试样的整体温度场随着侧向冻结温度的正弦变化而出现相应的波动,但径向各段的温度梯度的相位滞后于正弦温度相位半个周期;正弦冻结试样与恒温冻结试样在同一条件下的冻胀量相近,封闭体系下自上而下轴向冻结试样的冻胀量高于同条件下侧向冻结试样的冻胀量;人工冻结工程中应考虑大气环境温度变化（如昼夜温差）及冷能侧向输入土体内时对冻土温度场的变化的影响。  相似文献